Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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EC behavior that is causative of disease. In this section, we will present evidence on this second class of vascular pathologies. Arteriovenous malformations One clear example of the contribution of defective EC migration for disease is in AVM
Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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resident cells including MSCs undergo dynamic changes and actively contribute to the remodeling process. Atherosclerotic vascular remodeling that underlies various cardiovascular diseases is initiated with endothelial dysfunction in response to pathogenic
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emerging as an important regulatory principle in vascular disease. The regulation of miR-21 is crucial in vascular biology and SMADs are recruited to pri-mir-21 in a complex with the RNA helicase p68 and facilitate its DROSHA-mediated processing ( 15 , 16
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regulation of blood fluidity, hemostasis and clotting, vascular tone, immune responses, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolism ( 2 ). Dysfunction of the endothelium is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as stroke, atherosclerosis
Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
Department of Cardiology, Longgang People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Introduction Vascular calcification is a common condition noted in aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, valvular heart disease, and chronic kidney disease ( 1 , 2 ). It is caused by heterotopic deposition of
Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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structures and diseases. Despite these advantages, brain organoids still have several limitations that need to be improved, for example, lack of vascularization which leads to the paucity of oxygen and nutrients that induce necrosis of the brain organoids
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dysfunction can lead to vascular complications or disease, which contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly with aging ( 6 , 7 ). While animal models and primary human vSMC culture systems have contributed to our understanding of
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pharmacological treatments. In addition, other conditions have provided key insight into how normal mitochondrial function in vascular cells becomes disrupted with ageing and/or disease. What remains clear is that modulating mitochondrial properties can have
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University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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secretion, low-grade inflammation foster the development of endothelial dysfunction, increased platelet reactivity, and pro-thrombotic states – all factors contributing to atherosclerotic vascular disease and CV events ( 4 ). Albeit therapeutic strategies
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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processes are essential in vascular remodelling where structural changes to the blood vessel wall are necessary during normal physiology, aging, injury, and disease. Cells act in response to the ECM and remodel, but this process becomes impaired in vascular