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Jamie I van der Vaart Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Robin van Eenige Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Patrick C N Rensen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Sander Kooijman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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is atherosclerosis, a progressive disorder characterized by a thickening of arterial walls and narrowing of the arteries due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, that is, accumulation of cholesterol, macrophages, and cell debris in the intima

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Isabelle Coornaert Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Annelies Breynaert NatuRAPT Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Nina Hermans NatuRAPT Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Guido R Y De Meyer Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Wim Martinet Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Introduction Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease of large- and medium-sized arteries characterized by the formation of plaques in the arterial wall ( 1 ). Lipid oxidation plays a critical role in atherogenesis ( 2 ). When

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Isabelle Coornaert Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Annelies Breynaert NatuRAPT Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Nina Hermans NatuRAPT Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Guido R Y De Meyer Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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Wim Martinet Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

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underline the importance of GPX4 in preventing lipid peroxidation and associated cell death. Because lipid peroxidation and iron deposition contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis ( 11 , 12 ), targeting of cell death mediated by

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Ornella Colpani IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy

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Gaia Spinetti IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy

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hypertension and atherosclerosis ( 7 ). Both endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are affected by acquiring a senescent phenotype with distinct characteristics as briefly described below ( Fig. 1 ). Figure 1 Aging

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Majid Almansouri Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK

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Pooja Patel Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK

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Janet Chamberlain Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK

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Sheila Francis Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
Healthy Lifespan Institute HELSI, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK

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Introduction Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease characterised by excess blood lipids which become modified, entering the vessel wall and driving the disease process ( 1 ). A key modification is that of LDL to

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Raafat Mohamed School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

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Reearna Janke School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Wanru Guo School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Yingnan Cao Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Ying Zhou School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Wenhua Zheng Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China

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Hossein Babaahmadi-Rezaei Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran

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Suowen Xu Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA

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Danielle Kamato School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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Peter J Little School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

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inflammatory cytokines, extracellular matrix production, contraction and differentiation ( 65 ). Oxidative stress is the one of the major contributors to the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis

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Stijntje Hibender Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Siyu Li Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Alex V Postma Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Myrthe E Hoogeland Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Klaver Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Richard B Pouw Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Landsteiner Laboratory, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Hans W Niessen Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Antoine HG Driessen Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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David R Koolbergen Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Carlie JM de Vries Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Marieke JH Baars Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Arjan C Houweling Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Paul A Krijnen Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Vivian de Waard Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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reduced circulating TNFα and less aortic macrophage accumulation. TNFα has a crucial function in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and atherosclerosis ( 42 ). However, inhibition of this signaling

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Ka Ka Ting Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Paul Coleman Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Yang Zhao Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Mathew A Vadas Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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Jennifer R Gamble Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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regulation of blood fluidity, hemostasis and clotting, vascular tone, immune responses, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolism ( 2 ). Dysfunction of the endothelium is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as stroke, atherosclerosis

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Manisha S Patil Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Siân P Cartland Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Mary M Kavurma Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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diseases such as atherosclerosis ( 3 , 4 ). TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was discovered for its unique ability to selectively kill cancer cells ( 5 , 6 ). In the vasculature, TRAIL has a multifunctional role. In addition to cell death

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Sara Sileno Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy

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Sara Beji Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy

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Marco D’Agostino Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy

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Alessandra Carassiti Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy

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Guido Melillo Unit of Cardiology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy

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Alessandra Magenta Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Rome, Italy

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-related comorbidities ( 7 , 8 ) and the atherogenic side-effects of systemic therapies for psoriasis have also been reported ( 9 ). Atherosclerosis and inflammation in psoriatic patients Ample research work has demonstrated that inflammation is a key driver of

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